Windows: Difference between revisions

/etc/xen/win-dc.hvm
builder = "hvm"
name = "win-dc"
memory = "3072"
viridian = 1
vcpus = 4
vif = ['bridge=lan,model=e1000,rate=10Gb/s']
disk = ['phy:/dev/share/win-dc,hda,w','file:/share/SERVER_EVAL_x64FRE_en-us.iso,hdc:cdrom,r']

Install the GUI Desktop Experience, the Cloudsync depends on graphics that are otherwise not available. Running the Core version without graphics is awesome if you manage windows server by powershell.

Remove Role and Demote AD

Get-ADDomain | Select-Object InfrastructureMaster, RIDMaster, PDCEmulator
Get-ADForest | Select-Object DomainNamingMaster, SchemaMaster
Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole -Identity win-dcx -OperationMasterRole SchemaMaster, DomainNamingMaster, PDCEmulator, RIDMaster, InfrastructureMaster

sconfig
2 Change hostname
8 Set static IP
8 set dns
7 enable remote desktop
6 Install updates
13 restart

1 join domain

add role active directory
promote to primary dc, by clicking the flag in the server manager

Install-WindowsFeature -Name AD-Domain-Services -IncludeManagementTools

Install-ADDSDomainController -CreateDnsDelegation:$false -InstallDns:$true -DomainName "domain.com" -SiteName "Default-First-Site-Name" -ReplicationSourceDC "win-dcx.domain.com" -DatabasePath "C:\Windows\NTDS" -LogPath "C:\Windows\NTDS" -SysvolPath "C:\Windows\SYSVOL" -Force:$true

Winget

$progressPreference = 'silentlyContinue'
Write-Information "Downloading WinGet and its dependencies..."
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/getwinget -OutFile Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe.msixbundle
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx -OutFile Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://github.com/microsoft/microsoft-ui-xaml/releases/download/v2.7.3/Microsoft.UI.Xaml.2.7.x64.appx -OutFile Microsoft.UI.Xaml.2.7.x64.appx
Add-AppxPackage Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx
Add-AppxPackage Microsoft.UI.Xaml.2.7.x64.appx
Add-AppxPackage Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe.msixbundle

Chocolatey

https://community.chocolatey.org/

Telegraf

https://www.influxdata.com/blog/using-telegraf-on-windows/

wget https://dl.influxdata.com/telegraf/releases/telegraf-1.28.2_windows_amd64.zip -UseBasicParsing -OutFile telegraf-1.28.2_windows_amd64.zip
Expand-Archive .\telegraf-1.28.2_windows_amd64.zip -DestinationPath 'C:\Program Files\InfluxData\telegraf'
cd 'C:\Program Files\InfluxData\telegraf\telegraf-1.28.2\'
.\telegraf --config-directory 'C:\Program Files\InfluxData\telegraf\telegraf-1.28.2' --test
icacls telegraf.conf /reset
icacls telegraf.conf /inheritance:r /grant system:r
.\telegraf --service install --config-directory 'C:\Program Files\InfluxData\telegraf\telegraf-1.28.2'

AD

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/welcome-windows-server

https://4sysops.com/archives/active-directory-passwords-all-you-need-to-know/

https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/core-infrastructure-and-security/why-are-my-users-not-prompted-for-mfa-as-expected/ba-p/1449032

DSREGCMD /status

MTU

netsh interface ipv4 set subinterface "Ethernet" mtu=1464
netsh interface ipv6 set subinterface "Ethernet" mtu=1464

Network

netstat -na
netstat -nao
netstat -ab
netstat -a -n -p tcp -o
perfmon /res

Powershell

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force
Install-Module -Name Az -AllowClobber -Scope CurrentUser
Install-Module -Name Az -AllowClobber -Scope AllUsers
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted

Import-Module Az.Accounts
Connect-AzAccount
Install-AzAksKubectl
Write-Output $Env:Path
Import-AzAksCredential -ResourceGroupName cluster -Name cluster

PATH

$Env:Path += ";C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\"

Diskpart

diskmgmt.msc doesn't always allow you to remove partitions

diskpart
list disk
select disk 1
list part
delete partition override

GET-CimInstance -query "SELECT * from Win32_DiskDrive"

Hardening Monitoring

NMAP/Nessus/Ports
Version Checks / Updates
Hardening
ELK Access Logs / Firewall Logs
INotify
Canaries

https://github.com/0x6d69636b/windows_hardening

Windows and Active Directory administration
Check existing User Accounts / Roles
Update Server? Run Latest updates
Check Certificates (Root)
Shell Integrity.
CIS Security Hardening
Integrity Scans
Network Sflow
Rita Kansa OSquery
ELK Alert
Observium
eventlogger

Startup Apps
Services
Processes

Users
Performance
Process list
Event manager
msiexec.exe

psexec
CPU, Memory, Disk Space, Temperature

HyperVisor

Enable virtualization in UEFI Windows Features, Hyper-V (Platform and Management Tools)

Hyper-V Set video

Set-VMVideo -VMName "Ubuntu 20.04" -HorizontalResolution 1920 -VerticalResolution 1080

/etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash video=hyperv_fb:1920x1200"

Set-VMProcessor -VMName "Ubuntu 20.04" -HwThreadCountPerCore 2

"KVM requires a CPU that supports vmx or svm"
Set-VMProcessor -VMName "Ubuntu 20.04" -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

Security issues

availability

security

report incidents

business tasks > react time 15 minutes

 white time not able to access
 report outages
 information requests 'from media'
 communication to other blue teams

green team is infra support

white team simulated users

capture vm ubuntu / captures one segment span port ... reachable from dmz? custom ... kali

Network Picture / HW info

info recon/ feedback ... yellow/red/white/blue

Access Logs Elasticsearch SIEM Syslog / Logstash? Beats winlogbeat > routable ... tunnel auditbeats Uptime in Elasticsearch CIS Hardening ... Ansible Elastalert

automate everything? ansible online patching ... smb patching agents

scripted attacks defender avast

nessus? target yes scan > rogue vm's ...

match list of known hosts. external host scans

users program enumerators ... ambitions pdf reader

iis ... user ... Defaced Websites? Scanner

Detect Changes Guestbook... Injections attacks

Host down monitoring

VM outside for checking services Detect filechanges?

Offline Patching ... WSUS Administrator user ... different passwords per hosts Integrity of windows ... / ISTI Team FileChanges? WindowsOPenSCAP? Trolling Strategy PS Binary advanded debugging test

WINRM Do everything that was needed Document fidings WINRM

3PP Firewall Windows Avast / Firewall / Offline Patching

Netstat ...

Credentials / Wiki Allow white team access / Regular Access to Windows. Scoring ports : Scan SNMP SMTP PING

Working rules with forensics team / communications team how to report. During Prep MISP ??? Avast ask for permissions ... white team request clicks everything they can live forensics ... ?? / live analysis / show binary

ZIG module? lateral movmebt windows RITA SYSLOG Beacon detection ActiveCM Company

The specified extrinsic Method does not exist. OpenWBEM https://file-info.xyz/31572ed38d8cc7deed7d2d7806bc88ba/storagewmi.dll.mui.html

Communication Strategy. Communication should be recordable template / threat rep Install MISP for reporting

Cleanup reports / this ip is attacking outside ... our hosts not reported report malware / compromise this file or process =>

threat report directly by team members in the chat ... one liners tickets to the green team?

Example issues

pdf view not working news paper website / review if it makes sense? responds.

msexe wscript lolbas talos blog hunting for

user accounts function accounts with $

logon types 4624 / logintype 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 impersonation level ultimatewindowssecurity.com

https://www.sneakymonkey.net/2018/06/25/blue-team-tips/ https://chrissanders.org/publications/

laps AdmPwd.dll SecCli.dll

https://adsecurity.org/?p=3377

Best Practice Analyzer https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd759260(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN

Remote Management with Server Manager https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd759202%28v%3dws.11%29

Windows Removal

https://www.askvg.com/gui...lt-in-apps-in-windows-10/

https://www.laptopmag.com...e-windows-10-builtin-apps

https://www.howtogeek.com...nd-how-to-reinstall-them/

https://github.com/Sycnex/Windows10Debloater

Powershell -> Run as Administrator->
Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | where-object {$_.name –notlike "*store*"} | Remove-AppxPackage

ADFS

EnableCredSSP
X509Enrollment.CX509PrivateKey.1

ADFS for webservice SSO
Windows-based service for file sharing
Outlook Web Access
WSUS server for BTs
Primary Domain controller for MIL domain
Secondary domain controller for MIL domain
Windows Fileserver for MIL file sharing needs

WSUS

WSUS Windows Update Service. Used for windows updates which can be retrieved from the on-site AD. The update packages are synchronized from the microsoft catalog, the files are stored in the content directory and the updates are registed in the WID Windows Internal Database in a database named SUSDB. The WID is an in-built SQL Express Server. The application runs on IIS as an application pool name WsusPool, with 8 sites with some exposing a SOAP interface. The webservice runs on 8531 for TLS (Microsoft still calls it SSL) and 8530 for HTTP traffic. Do not enable TLS for the top-level site. Content is transferred over HTTP only. IIS parameters must be optimized otherwise it is likely unusable. A group policy attached to the clients tells them where to find the WSUS server and provides a schedule new updates for synchronization for all the products that you are interested in (for me only windows 11 and defender)

https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=windows%2011

The service is unbearably slow if IIS is not optimized.

Setting name     Value
Queue Length     2000 (up from default of 1000)
Idle Time-out (minutes)     0 (down from the default of 20)
Ping Enabled     False (from default of True)
Private Memory Limit (KB)     0 (unlimited, up from the default of 1,843,200 KB)
Regular Time Interval (minutes)     0 (to prevent a recycle, and modified from the default of 1740)

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/sum/get-started/software-update-point-ssl

Configure the WSUS web services to require SSL. In IIS Manager on the WSUS server, go to Sites > WSUS Administration. Expand the WSUS Administration site so you see the list of web services and virtual directories for WSUS. For each of the below WSUS web services:

ApiRemoting30
ClientWebService
DSSAuthWebService
ServerSyncWebService
SimpleAuthWebService

Make the following changes:

Select SSL Settings.
Enable the Require SSL option.
Verify the Client certificates option is set to Ignore.
Select Apply.

Don't set the SSL settings at the top-level "WSUS Administration" site since certain functions, such as content, these must use HTTP.

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/update-management/wsus-maintenance-guide#maintain-wsus-while-supporting-configuration-manager-current-branch-version-1906-and-later-versions

SQL Server Management Studio Express

The WID database needs to be reindexed regularly. This can be done with the sqlcmd commandline (not the golang version). It depends on ODBC 17 and the C++ 2017 runtime. It can be accessed through a named pipe

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/update-management/reindex-the-wsus-database

SQLCMD

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2230791

ODBC Driver

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2249006

Visual C++ 2017

https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe

\\.\pipe\MICROSOFT##WID\tsql\query

ODBC ver 17

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/odbc/download-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-ver16#version-17

MsSqlCmdLnUtils 15

https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2230791

sqlcmd -S np:\\.\pipe\MICROSOFT##WID\tsql\query -E
Select COUNT(UpdateID) from vwMinimalUpdate where IsSuperseded=1 and Declined=0;
go

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/update-management/reindex-the-wsus-database

sqlcmd -S np:\\.\pipe\MICROSOFT##WID\tsql\query -i wsus-reindex.sql

Decline superseded updates

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/update-management/decline-superseded-updates

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-server-update-services/manage/wsus-and-the-catalog-site

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/waas-manage-updates-wsus

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-US/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/update-management/wsus-maintenance-guide

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/mem/configmgr/update-management/windows-server-update-services-best-practices

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/troubleshoot/windows-client/deployment/common-windows-update-errors

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/aa387293(v=vs.85)

0x8024401C WU_E_PT_HTTP_STATUS_REQUEST_TIMEOUT.

Either can't reach the server, or the soap responses come too slow from the server, for instance when the database is slow

http://win-dc1:8530/ClientWebService/client.asmx

Log location

C:\Program Files\Update Services\WebServices\ApiRemoting30

C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\HTTPERR

URL's

http://win-dc1:8530/selfupdate/iuident.cab

https://win-dc1:8531/selfupdate/iuident.cab

http://win-dc2:8530/selfupdate/iuident.cab

https://win-dc2:8531/selfupdate/iuident.cab

http://win-dc1:8530/ClientWebService/client.asmx

http://win-dc2:8530/ClientWebService/client.asmx

https://win-dc1:8531/ClientWebService/client.asmx:8531/ClientWebService/client.asmx

https://win-dc2:8531/ClientWebService/client.asmx:8531/ClientWebService/client.asmx

event viewer

SSMS

SQLCMD

WSUS Client

API for WSUS client

windows 11 22h2, english

defender

group policy

gpupdate -force

\\domain.com\SysVol\domain.com\Policies\{FC973EB5-AA57-4CDC-B184-58DD91E5CBB1}\gpt.ini

https://www.ajtek.ca/wsus/client-machines-not-reporting-to-wsus-properly/

Stop-Service -Name BITS, wuauserv -Force
Remove-ItemProperty -Name AccountDomainSid, PingID, SusClientId, SusClientIDValidation -Path HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Remove-Item "$env:SystemRoot\SoftwareDistribution\" -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Start-Service -Name BITS, wuauserv
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow
(New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.AutoUpdate).DetectNow()
%windir%\Logs\CBS

Failed to get visibility for package: Microsoft-OneCore-DirectX-Database-FOD-Package

C:\Program Files\Update Services\WebServices
C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\HTTPERR
C:\Program Files\Update Services\LogFiles\softwaredistrution

Preparation

Preparing an Ansible playbook for: online patching
Preparing an Ansible playbook for: installing SIEM/HIDS agents
Preparing an Ansible playbook for: installing 3PP antivirus (avast free?)
Prepare rules for SIEM alerts.
Preparing on how we retrieve, store and send malware files  for malware analysis
Prepare an ansible playbook for: audit local + domain users on system + removal of unneeded users
Prepare ansible playbook for: enumerating programs/processes so we can audit and remove unneeded ones (needs to include SMB)
Prepare the MAC hardening
Preparing IIS hardening (automated) + permissions IIS user
Preparing an ansible playbook for: installing + configuring 3PP firewall
Prepare offline patching as a patching 'plan B'
Preparing an ansible playbook for: create special Administrator user + placing different password per host. 
Prepare scan to recognize rogue hosts
Prepare strategy for logging changes to files (which ones, how to enable logging, make ansible playbook for it) 
Prepare ansible playbook for running windows Openscap (and collect results somewhere)
Come up with a 'trolling' strategy.. how can we make life for red-teamers harder? aliases for certain commands? what does cobalt strike do so we know what commands
Prepare CIS hardening script

Day 0
Enable powershell/winRM everywhere.
Change administrator password on all hosts.
Run windows updates
Audit accounts + remove unneeded ones
Audit programs/processes + remove unneeded ones
Install FW and AV with Ansible
Install IDS/TI agents
Run scans
Document findings
Add our trolling stuff (if we want to go that route)
Run CIS hardening scripts

https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/default.aspx

https://github.com/api0cradle/LOLBAS

https://www.sneakymonkey.net/2018/01/21/laps/

https://chrissanders.org/publications/

Integrity

https://lolbas-project.github.io/#

https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS

https://github.com/trustedsec

Windows Script Host, PowerShell and HTA)

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/841290/availability-and-description-of-the-file-checksum-integrity-verifier-u

https://file-info.xyz/31572ed38d8cc7deed7d2d7806bc88ba/storagewmi.dll.mui.html 643da5be13e18037f4fa484d4ccb51b9

Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force

alternate data streams

 test.txt:ha.exe

hidden powershell hosts

 systems automation file (escape parameters)

rundll32.exe javascript:"\..\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication";alert('boom');"

https://medium.com/@fecarrara1/powershell-for-file-integrity-check-36203aef64a4 Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5 | Out-File -FilePath 'C:\Users\janmg\windows-10pro.txt'

C:\windows\ServiceProfiles\NetworkService\NTUSER.DAT
C:\windows\ServiceProfiles\LocalService\NTUSER.DAT